What are common consequences of improper OC spray application on non-target individuals?

• A. Irritation, tearing, coughing, respiratory distress, skin burns, and possible legal or disciplinary action.
• B. Improved visibility and compliance.
• C. No adverse effects if non-target.
• D. Guaranteed removal of suspect's ability to resist.

Answer: (A)

The main issue is what happens when OC spray ends up on someone other than the intended target. OC spray can drift or spill onto bystanders, and the effects are typically a mix of local irritation and systemic responses. Eyes and mucous membranes are very sensitive to capsaicinoids, so non-target individuals often experience tearing, redness, burning, and pain. The spray can also be inhaled, leading to coughing, throat irritation, and even shortness of breath or bronchospasm in susceptible people. Skin contact can cause burning sensations and dermatitis. Beyond the physical discomfort, there can be legal or disciplinary consequences because improper application violates safety guidelines and use‑of‑force policies, potentially leading to civil liability or internal investigations.

Options that suggest improved visibility and compliance, no adverse effects, or a guaranteed incapacitation of the suspect don’t fit because exposure to OC spray by bystanders is typically harmful and unpredictable, does not reliably incapacitate non-targets, and is legally and ethically unacceptable.